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Earlobe

• The soft lower part of the external ear containing no cartilage.

Emla ®

• A brand name for a delivery system for the local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine.
• Available as a cream or as patches.
• By applying this, one hour prior to a piercing, pain is reduced or eliminated during the piercing procedure.
   
• Can be also be used during tattooing, but the anesthetic effect will only last up to one hour.

 Epinephrine

• Known as &quotadrenaline" outside the USA.
• A hormone produced by the adrenal gland.
• Released into the bloodstream it produces:
  1. Increased heart rate
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Sweating
• Mixed with local anesthetic it constricts the local blood vessel producing:
  1. Longer anesthesia.
  2. Reduced bleeding.

Epithelium

• The top layers of the skin forming our barrier from the outside world.
• There are no blood vessels in the epithelium.
• These layers sit on the basement membrane. Any break in the basement membrane exposes the body to the entry of germs. If a wound bleeds the basement membrane has been breached.

Essential Oils

• Refers to the volatile organic oils derived from plants, usually responsible for the smell of each particular plant.
• Examples include Lavender oil and Tea Tree oil.

Ethanol

• The alcohol found in wine, spirits and beer
• Regular consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol thins the blood and will cause excessive bleeding in piercings.
• Chemical formula C₂H₅OH.

European Union Nickel Directive

• A directive of the European Union limiting the amount of nickel that can be released by jewelry in contact with the body.

External Threading

• Threading on jewelry that is exposed on the outside of the jewelry.
• External threading damages by cutting or scraping cells from the inside of a piercing. This is particularly a problem in new or unhealed piercings.

Eyelet